順丁烯二酸分子內失去一分子水而形成的環酸酐，分子式C4H2O3。順丁烯二酸酐為無色結晶;熔點60℃，沸點197～199℃，密度 1.314克／厘米3(60℃)；易溶于乙醇、醚、丙酮、氯仿、1，4－二氧六環等有機溶劑中。
Cyclic anhydride formed by the loss of a molecule of water in the maleic acid molecule, molecular formula C4H2O3. Maleic anhydride is colorless crystal; Melting point 60 ℃, boiling point 197~199 ℃, density 1.314 g/cm3 (60 ℃); It is soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, 1,4-dioxane and other organic solvents.
順丁烯二酸酐的碳 -碳雙鍵與兩個羰基相連，是缺電性烯烴。它能與醇、胺、金屬有機試劑發生親核加成。在適當反應條件下，也可發生一般烯烴的親電加成反應。順丁烯二酸酐是重要的親雙烯試劑，它能與共軛雙烯發生狄爾斯-阿爾德反應，形成環己烯衍生物。若進一步與烯烴共聚合，即可合成多種樹脂。順丁烯二酸酐在高溫下與水反應，生成外消旋（見外消旋體）蘋果酸。
The carbon-carbon double bond of maleic anhydride is connected with two carbonyl groups, which is an electrically deficient olefin. It can undergo nucleophilic addition with alcohol, amine and organometallic reagent. Under appropriate reaction conditions, the electrophilic addition reaction of general olefins can also take place. Maleic anhydride is an important dienophilic reagent. It can react with conjugated dienes to form cyclohexene derivatives. A variety of resins can be synthesized by further copolymerization with olefins. Maleic anhydride reacts with water at high temperature to form racemic (see racemic) malic acid.
順丁烯二酸酐的工業生產方法是在五氧化二釩催化下用空氣氧化苯。甲苯、二甲苯或環烷烴也可用作該法的原料。
The industrial production method of maleic anhydride is to oxidize benzene with air under the catalysis of vanadium pentoxide. Toluene, xylene or naphthenic hydrocarbon can also be used as raw materials for this process.
順丁烯二酸酐的主要用途是與乙二醇縮聚（見縮合聚合），制造不飽和聚酯樹脂，廣泛用于制造烘漆、清漆和油墨等。若將不飽和聚酯樹脂再與苯乙烯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚，生成的樹脂可模塑成型或制成玻璃纖維增強塑料。順丁烯二酸酐也是制造反丁烯二酸、丁二酸、酒石酸的原料。順丁烯二酸酐與亞硫酸氫鈉加成生成的磺基丁二酸可制造潤濕劑。順丁烯二酸酐還可用于制造農藥、醫藥、染料、石油添加劑和潤滑劑等。
The main use of maleic anhydride is to polycondensate with ethylene glycol (see condensation polymerization) to produce unsaturated polyester resin, which is widely used in the manufacture of baking varnish, varnish and ink. If unsaturated polyester resin is copolymerized with styrene or methyl methacrylate, the resulting resin can be molded or made into glass fiber reinforced plastics. Maleic anhydride is also the raw material for manufacturing fumaric acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid. The sulfosuccinic acid formed by the addition of maleic anhydride and sodium bisulfite can be used as a wetting agent. Maleic anhydride can also be used to manufacture pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, petroleum additives and lubricants.
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