順酐的安全生產及危險問題
Safety production and dangerous problems of maleic anhydride
近年來，我國順酐行業得到了快速發展，很多大型順酐裝置相序建成投產，其中很多生產企業為順酐行業的新進入者，對于順酐生產中的安全缺乏足夠的經驗和應對措施，近期發生的多起安全事故，已經為我們敲起了警鐘，順酐生產中的安全問題一定要引起高度重視。
In recent years, China's maleic anhydride industry has developed rapidly. Many large-scale maleic anhydride plants have been built and put into operation. Many of them are new entrants to the maleic anhydride industry. They lack sufficient experience and Countermeasures for the safety in maleic anhydride production. Recently, many safety accidents have sounded an alarm for us. The safety problems in maleic anhydride production must cause great concern See.
順酐生產過程中的安全問題
Safety problems in maleic anhydride production
由于順酐生產中使用的原料為純苯和二甲苯,按照國家危險品生產的火災危險性分類標準(GBJ 16-87)，這些原料都是屬于甲級、甲類、易燃、易爆的危險品物質。同時按照中國職業安全及勞動衛生保護規定和美國職業安全及保健條例(OSHA)規定，苯和二甲苯亦屬于有毒、有害物質。由于馬來酐本身的特殊物理和化學性質，以及生產過程中還存在著強腐蝕、高溫、高壓等環境，所以安全問題對順酐生產單位尤為重要。
As the raw materials used in maleic anhydride production are pure benzene and xylene, according to the national fire risk classification standard for dangerous goods production (GBJ 16-87), these raw materials belong to class A, class A, flammable and explosive dangerous goods. At the same time, according to China's occupational safety and labor health protection regulations and OSHA regulations, benzene and xylene are also toxic and harmful substances. Due to the special physical and chemical properties of maleic anhydride itself, and the strong corrosion, high temperature, high pressure and other environment in the production process, the safety problem is particularly important for maleic anhydride production units.
在使用純苯和二甲苯危險品物質做生產原料方面，由于國家有嚴格、明確的標準、規范和規定，因此順酐行業各生產單位還都是非常重視和嚴格地按標準、規定和規范執行的，所以在順酐苯氧化生產過程中發生爆炸和火災事故的概率和案例很少
In the use of pure benzene and xylene dangerous goods as raw materials, because the country has strict and clear standards, specifications and regulations, the production units of maleic anhydride industry also attach great importance to and strictly implement the standards, regulations and specifications, so the probability and cases of explosion and fire accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride benzene oxidation are very few
近十余年中，隨著萬噸級順酐生產技術的國產化，順酐的生產單位越來越多，順酐生產裝置的規模越來越大，因此順酐生產過程的危險性也越來越大。從1990年以來到現在的十余年中，因為順酐脫水精制生產過程和設備維修改造過程中的各種事故已經發生多起，至今已經造成死亡七人、致傷致殘數人和幾套生產裝置報廢的惡性事故結果。可以說我國開創了世界馬來酐生產史上造成人員傷亡惡性事故數量的“先河”，所以建議高度重視順酐生產過程中的安全問題。
In the past ten years, with the localization of ten thousand ton maleic anhydride production technology, more and more maleic anhydride production units and the scale of maleic anhydride production units are growing, so the risk of maleic anhydride production process is also growing. From 1990 to now, there have been many accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride dehydration and refining and in the process of equipment maintenance and transformation. So far, seven people have died, several people have been injured and disabled, and several production units have been scrapped. It can be said that China has created a "precedent" in the history of maleic anhydride production in the world, which caused a number of fatal accidents, so we must attach great importance to the safety problems in maleic anhydride production process.
