馬來(lái)酸酐又稱順丁烯二酸酐（MAH），簡(jiǎn)稱順酐，是順丁烯二酸的酸酐，室溫下為有酸味的無(wú)色或白色固體，分子式為C4H2O3。順丁烯二酸酐以前用苯的催化氧化制備，但由于價(jià)格的緣故，現(xiàn)在大多用正丁烷氧化法制取。下面
順酐生產(chǎn)廠家來(lái)講講馬來(lái)酸酐的合成辦法及儲(chǔ)運(yùn)留神事項(xiàng)。
Maleic anhydride, also known as maleic anhydride (MAH), is an anhydride of maleic acid. It is a colorless or white solid with a sour taste at room temperature, and its molecular formula is C4H2O3. Maleic anhydride was previously prepared by catalytic oxidation of benzene, but due to price reasons, it is now mostly prepared by n-butane oxidation method. Below, maleic anhydride manufacturers will discuss the synthesis method and precautions for storage and transportation of maleic anhydride.
馬來(lái)酸酐的合成辦法
Synthesis method of maleic anhydride
1、苯氧化法
1. Benzene oxidation method
苯蒸氣和空氣（或氧氣）在以V2O5－MnO3等為活性組分，α-Al2O3為載體的催化劑上發(fā)生氣相氧化反應(yīng)生成順酐。苯氧化法是生產(chǎn)順酐的傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)辦法，工藝技術(shù)成熟牢靠。
Benzene vapor and air (or oxygen) are active components such as V2O5-MnO3, α- Gas phase oxidation reaction occurs on the catalyst supported by Al2O3 to generate maleic anhydride. The benzene oxidation method is a traditional production method for maleic anhydride, and the process technology is mature and reliable.
2、C4烯烴法
2. C4 olefin method
該法是以混合C4餾分中的有效成分正丁烯、丁二烯等為原料，和空氣（或氧氣），在V2O5－P2O5系催化劑作用下經(jīng)氣相氧化反應(yīng)生成順酐，其中正丁烯在反應(yīng)過(guò)程中先脫氫生成丁二烯，再氧化生成順酐。在反應(yīng)過(guò)程中，除生成主產(chǎn)物外，還副產(chǎn)生成一氧化碳、二氧化碳和水以及少量的乙醛、乙酸、丙烯醛和呋喃等，原料單耗高，收率低，該法已經(jīng)逐漸被淘汰。
This method uses the active components such as n-butene and butadiene in the mixed C4 fraction as raw materials, and air (or oxygen), to undergo gas-phase oxidation reaction under the action of V2O5-P2O5 catalyst to generate maleic anhydride. n-butene is first dehydrogenated to produce butadiene during the reaction process, and then oxidized to produce maleic anhydride. In the reaction process, in addition to generating the main product, there are also by-products such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water, as well as a small amount of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acrolein, and furan. The raw material consumption is high, and the yield is low. This method has gradually been phased out.
3、苯酐副產(chǎn)法
3. Phthalic anhydride by-product method
在由鄰二甲苯生產(chǎn)苯酐時(shí)，能夠副產(chǎn)得到一定數(shù)量的順酐產(chǎn)品，其產(chǎn)量約為苯酐產(chǎn)量的5%。在苯酐生產(chǎn)中，反應(yīng)尾氣經(jīng)洗滌塔除去有機(jī)物后排放到大氣中，洗滌液為順酐和少量的苯甲酸、苯二甲酸等雜質(zhì)，經(jīng)濃縮精制和加熱脫水后得到順酐產(chǎn)品。
When producing phthalic anhydride from ortho xylene, a certain amount of maleic anhydride product can be obtained as a byproduct, with a yield of about 5% of the phthalic anhydride production. In the production of phthalic anhydride, the reaction tail gas is discharged into the atmosphere after removing organic matter through a washing tower. The washing solution consists of maleic anhydride and a small amount of impurities such as benzoic acid and phthalic acid. After concentration, refinement, and heating dehydration, the product of maleic anhydride is obtained.
4、正丁烷氧化法
4. N-butane oxidation method
正丁烷氧化工藝是以正丁烷為原料，在V2O5-P2O5系催化劑作用下發(fā)生氣相氧化反應(yīng)生成順酐。
The n-butane oxidation process takes n-butane as the raw material and undergoes a gas-phase oxidation reaction to produce maleic anhydride under the action of V2O5-P2O5 catalyst.
馬來(lái)酸酐儲(chǔ)運(yùn)留神事項(xiàng)
Precautions for storage and transportation of maleic anhydride
1、運(yùn)輸留神事項(xiàng)：起運(yùn)時(shí)包裝要完整，裝載應(yīng)穩(wěn)妥。運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中要確保容器不泄漏、不倒塌、不墜落、不損壞。嚴(yán)禁與氧化劑、還原劑、酸類、食用化學(xué)品等混裝混運(yùn)。運(yùn)輸途中應(yīng)防曝曬、雨淋，防高溫；
1. Precautions for transportation: The packaging should be complete during transportation and the loading should be stable. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or be damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport oxidants, reducing agents, acids, edible chemicals, etc. During transportation, it is necessary to prevent exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperatures;
2、儲(chǔ)存留神事項(xiàng)：儲(chǔ)存于陰涼、干燥、通風(fēng)良康復(fù)的庫(kù)房。遠(yuǎn)離火種、熱源。保持容器密封。應(yīng)與氧化劑、還原劑、酸類、食用化學(xué)品離開寄存，切忌混儲(chǔ)。配備相應(yīng)品種和數(shù)量的消防器材。儲(chǔ)區(qū)應(yīng)備有合適的材料收容泄漏物；
2. Storage precautions: Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated warehouse for recovery. Keep away from sparks and heat sources. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents, acids, and edible chemicals, and should not be mixed for storage. Equip corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks;
3、包裝留神事項(xiàng)：化工中間體（氟草煙甲酯）農(nóng)藥中間體袋或二層牛皮紙袋外全開口或中開口鋼桶；化工中間體（氟草煙甲酯）農(nóng)藥中間體袋或二層牛皮紙袋外纖維板桶、膠合板桶、硬紙板桶；化工中間體（氟草煙甲酯）農(nóng)藥中間體袋外化工中間體（氟草煙甲酯）農(nóng)藥中間體桶（固體）；化工中間體（氟草煙甲酯）農(nóng)藥中間體桶（液體）。
3. Precautions for packaging: Chemical intermediate (fluorouracil methyl ester) pesticide intermediate bags or two-layer kraft paper bags with full or medium opening steel drums; Chemical intermediate (methyl fluorouracil) pesticide intermediate bags or two-layer kraft paper bags with fiberboard barrels, plywood barrels, and cardboard barrels; Chemical intermediate (methyl fluorouracil) pesticide intermediate bag chemical intermediate (methyl fluorouracil) pesticide intermediate bucket (solid); Chemical intermediate (methyl fluorouracil) pesticide intermediate barrel (liquid).
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