順酐行業得到了快速發展，很多大型順酐裝置相序建成投產，其中很多生產企業為順酐行業的新進入者，對于順酐生產中的安全缺乏足夠的經驗和應對措施，近期發生的多起安全事故，已經為我們敲起了警鐘，順酐生產中的安全問題一定要引起高度重視。
Maleic anhydride industry has been developing rapidly, and many large-scale maleic anhydride plants have been put into operation. Many production enterprises are new entrants of maleic anhydride industry. They lack sufficient experience and response measures for the safety in maleic anhydride production. Recently, many safety accidents have sounded the alarm bell for us, and the safety problems in maleic anhydride production must be attached great importance.
順酐生產過程中的安全問題
Safety problems in maleic anhydride production
由于順酐生產中使用的原料為純苯和二甲苯,按照國家危險品生產的火災危險性分類標準(GBJ 16-87)，這些原料都是屬于甲級、甲類、易燃、易爆的危險品物質。同時按照安 全及勞動衛生保護規定和美國職業安全及保健條例(OSHA)規定，苯和二甲苯亦屬于有毒、有害物質。由于馬來酐本身的特殊物理和化學性質，以及生產過程中還存在著強腐蝕、高溫、高壓等環境，所以安全問題對順酐生產單位尤為重要。
The raw materials used in the production of maleic anhydride are pure benzene and xylene. According to the national fire risk classification standard (GBJ 16-87), these raw materials belong to class A, class A, flammable and explosive hazardous substances. At the same time, benzene and xylene are also toxic and harmful substances according to the regulations on safety and labor health protection and the occupational safety and health regulations (OSHA). Due to the special physical and chemical properties of maleic anhydride and the strong corrosion, high temperature and high pressure environment in the production process, safety issues are particularly important for maleic anhydride production units.
在使用純苯和二甲苯危險品物質做生產原料方面，由于國家有嚴格、明確的標準、規范和規定，因此順酐行業各生產單位還都是非常重視和嚴格地按標準、規定和規范執行的，所以在順酐苯氧化生產過程中發生爆炸和火災事故的概率和案例很少。
In terms of using pure benzene and xylene as raw materials for production, due to the strict and clear standards, specifications and regulations of the state, all production units in maleic anhydride industry attach great importance to and strictly implement the standards, regulations and specifications. Therefore, the probability and cases of explosion and fire accidents in the process of maleic anhydride benzene oxidation production are very few.
近十余年中，隨著萬噸級順酐生產技術的國產化，順酐的生產單位越來越多，順酐生產裝置的規模越來越大，因此順酐生產過程的危險性也越來越大。從1990年以來到現在的十余年中，因為順酐脫水精制生產過程和設備維修改造過程中的各種事故已經發生多起，至今已經造成死亡七人、致傷致殘數人和幾套生產裝置報廢的惡性事故結果。可以說我國開創了世界馬來酐生產史上造成人員傷亡惡性事故數量的“先河”，所以建議高度重視順酐生產過程中的安全問題。
In recent ten years, with the localization of ten thousand ton maleic anhydride production technology, there are more and more maleic anhydride production units, and the scale of maleic anhydride production equipment is becoming larger and larger, so the risk of maleic anhydride production process is also increasing. Since 1990, there have been many accidents in the production process of maleic anhydride dehydration and refining and the process of equipment maintenance and transformation. So far, seven people have died, several people have been injured and disabled, and several sets of production units have been scrapped. It can be said that China has created a "precedent" in the world history of maleic anhydride production, which caused casualties. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the safety problems in the production process of maleic anhydride.
